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<meta name="author" content="Yihui Xie, J. J. Allaire, Garrett Grolemund（著）" />
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<li><a href="./">R Markdown: The Definitive Guide</a></li>

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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>前言</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="how-to-read-this-book.html"><a href="how-to-read-this-book.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>How to read this book</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="structure-of-the-book.html"><a href="structure-of-the-book.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Structure of the book</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="software-info.html"><a href="software-info.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Software information and conventions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="acknowledgments.html"><a href="acknowledgments.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Acknowledgments</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="author.html"><a href="author.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>About the Authors</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="yihui-xie.html"><a href="yihui-xie.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Yihui Xie</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="j-j-allaire.html"><a href="j-j-allaire.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>J.J. Allaire</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="garrett-grolemund.html"><a href="garrett-grolemund.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Garrett Grolemund</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>I Get Started</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="installation.html"><a href="installation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> Installation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="basics.html"><a href="basics.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> Basics</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> Example applications</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.1" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#airbnbs-knowledge-repository"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.1</b> Airbnb’s knowledge repository</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.2" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#homework-assignments-on-rpubs"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.2</b> Homework assignments on RPubs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.3" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#personalized-mail"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.3</b> Personalized mail</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.4" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#employer-health-benefits-survey"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.4</b> 2017 Employer Health Benefits Survey</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.5" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#examples-journal"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.5</b> Journal articles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.6" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#dashboards-at-eelloo"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.6</b> Dashboards at eelloo</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.7" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#examples-books"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.7</b> Books</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.8" data-path="basics-examples.html"><a href="basics-examples.html#examples-websites"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.8</b> Websites</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2" data-path="compile.html"><a href="compile.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2</b> Compile an R Markdown document</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3" data-path="cheat-sheets.html"><a href="cheat-sheets.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3</b> Cheat sheets</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4" data-path="output-formats.html"><a href="output-formats.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4</b> Output formats</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5" data-path="markdown-syntax.html"><a href="markdown-syntax.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5</b> Markdown syntax</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.1" data-path="markdown-syntax.html"><a href="markdown-syntax.html#inline-formatting"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.1</b> Inline formatting</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.2" data-path="markdown-syntax.html"><a href="markdown-syntax.html#block-level-elements"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.2</b> Block-level elements</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.3" data-path="markdown-syntax.html"><a href="markdown-syntax.html#math-expressions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.3</b> Math expressions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6" data-path="r-code.html"><a href="r-code.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6</b> R code chunks and inline R code</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.1" data-path="r-code.html"><a href="r-code.html#figures"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.1</b> Figures</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.2" data-path="r-code.html"><a href="r-code.html#tables"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.2</b> Tables</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7</b> Other language engines</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.1" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#python"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.1</b> Python</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.2" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#shell-scripts"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.2</b> Shell scripts</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.3" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#sql"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.3</b> SQL</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.4" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#rcpp"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.4</b> Rcpp</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.5" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#stan"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.5</b> Stan</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.6" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#javascript-and-css"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.6</b> JavaScript and CSS</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.7" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#julia"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.7</b> Julia</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.8" data-path="language-engines.html"><a href="language-engines.html#c-and-fortran"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.8</b> C and Fortran</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8" data-path="interactive-documents.html"><a href="interactive-documents.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8</b> Interactive documents</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8.1" data-path="interactive-documents.html"><a href="interactive-documents.html#intro-widgets"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8.1</b> HTML widgets</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8.2" data-path="interactive-documents.html"><a href="interactive-documents.html#intro-shiny"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8.2</b> Shiny documents</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>II Output Formats</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="documents.html"><a href="documents.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> Documents</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> HTML document</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.1" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#table-of-contents"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.1</b> Table of contents</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.2" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#section-numbering"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.2</b> Section numbering</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.3" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#tabbed-sections"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.3</b> Tabbed sections</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.4" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#appearance-and-style"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.4</b> Appearance and style</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.5" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#figure-options"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.5</b> Figure options</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.6" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#data-frame-printing"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.6</b> Data frame printing</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.7" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#code-folding"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.7</b> Code folding</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.8" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#mathjax-equations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.8</b> MathJax equations</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.9" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#document-dependencies"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.9</b> Document dependencies</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.10" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#advanced-customization"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.10</b> Advanced customization</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.11" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#shared-options"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.11</b> Shared options</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.12" data-path="html-document.html"><a href="html-document.html#html-fragments"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.12</b> HTML fragments</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="notebook.html"><a href="notebook.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Notebook</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="notebook.html"><a href="notebook.html#using-notebooks"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> Using Notebooks</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="notebook.html"><a href="notebook.html#saving-and-sharing"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> Saving and sharing</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.3" data-path="notebook.html"><a href="notebook.html#notebook-format"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.3</b> Notebook format</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> PDF document</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.1" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#table-of-contents-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.1</b> Table of contents</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.2" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#figure-options-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.2</b> Figure options</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.3" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#data-frame-printing-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.3</b> Data frame printing</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.4" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#syntax-highlighting"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.4</b> Syntax highlighting</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.5" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#latex-options"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.5</b> LaTeX options</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.6" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#latex-packages-for-citations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.6</b> LaTeX packages for citations</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.7" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#advanced-customization-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.7</b> Advanced customization</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.8" data-path="pdf-document.html"><a href="pdf-document.html#other-features"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.8</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="word-document.html"><a href="word-document.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Word document</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.1" data-path="word-document.html"><a href="word-document.html#other-features-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.1</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="opendocument-text-document.html"><a href="opendocument-text-document.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> OpenDocument Text document</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.1" data-path="opendocument-text-document.html"><a href="opendocument-text-document.html#other-features-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.1</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6" data-path="rich-text-format-document.html"><a href="rich-text-format-document.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6</b> Rich Text Format document</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.1" data-path="rich-text-format-document.html"><a href="rich-text-format-document.html#other-features-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.1</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7" data-path="markdown-document.html"><a href="markdown-document.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7</b> Markdown document</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.1" data-path="markdown-document.html"><a href="markdown-document.html#markdown-variants"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.1</b> Markdown variants</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.2" data-path="markdown-document.html"><a href="markdown-document.html#other-features-4"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.2</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.8" data-path="r-package-vignette.html"><a href="r-package-vignette.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.8</b> R package vignette</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="presentations.html"><a href="presentations.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Presentations</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> ioslides presentation</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.1" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#display-modes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.1</b> Display modes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.2" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#incremental-bullets"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.2</b> Incremental bullets</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.3" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#visual-appearance"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.3</b> Visual appearance</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.4" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#code-highlighting"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.4</b> Code highlighting</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.5" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#adding-a-logo"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.5</b> Adding a logo</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.6" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#tables-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.6</b> Tables</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.7" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#advanced-layout"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.7</b> Advanced layout</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.8" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#text-color"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.8</b> Text color</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.9" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#presenter-mode"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.9</b> Presenter mode</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.10" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#printing-and-pdf-output"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.10</b> Printing and PDF output</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.11" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#custom-templates-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.11</b> Custom templates</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.12" data-path="ioslides-presentation.html"><a href="ioslides-presentation.html#other-features-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.12</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="slidy-presentation.html"><a href="slidy-presentation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> Slidy presentation</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.1" data-path="slidy-presentation.html"><a href="slidy-presentation.html#display-modes-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.1</b> Display modes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.2" data-path="slidy-presentation.html"><a href="slidy-presentation.html#text-size"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.2</b> Text size</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.3" data-path="slidy-presentation.html"><a href="slidy-presentation.html#footer-elements"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.3</b> Footer elements</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.4" data-path="slidy-presentation.html"><a href="slidy-presentation.html#other-features-6"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.4</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="beamer-presentation.html"><a href="beamer-presentation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> Beamer presentation</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.1" data-path="beamer-presentation.html"><a href="beamer-presentation.html#themes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.1</b> Themes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.2" data-path="beamer-presentation.html"><a href="beamer-presentation.html#slide-level"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.2</b> Slide level</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.3" data-path="beamer-presentation.html"><a href="beamer-presentation.html#other-features-7"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.3</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="powerpoint-presentation.html"><a href="powerpoint-presentation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> PowerPoint presentation</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.1" data-path="powerpoint-presentation.html"><a href="powerpoint-presentation.html#ppt-templates"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.1</b> Custom templates</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.2" data-path="powerpoint-presentation.html"><a href="powerpoint-presentation.html#other-features-8"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.2</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>III Extensions</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="dashboards.html"><a href="dashboards.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> Dashboards</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="layout.html"><a href="layout.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> Layout</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.1" data-path="layout.html"><a href="layout.html#row-based-layouts"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.1</b> Row-based layouts</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.2" data-path="layout.html"><a href="layout.html#attributes-on-sections"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.2</b> Attributes on sections</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.3" data-path="layout.html"><a href="layout.html#multiple-pages"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.3</b> Multiple pages</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.4" data-path="layout.html"><a href="layout.html#story-boards"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.4</b> Story boards</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="dashboard-components.html"><a href="dashboard-components.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> Components</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.1" data-path="dashboard-components.html"><a href="dashboard-components.html#value-boxes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.1</b> Value boxes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.2" data-path="dashboard-components.html"><a href="dashboard-components.html#gauges"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.2</b> Gauges</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.3" data-path="dashboard-components.html"><a href="dashboard-components.html#text-annotations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.3</b> Text annotations</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.4" data-path="dashboard-components.html"><a href="dashboard-components.html#navigation-bar"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.4</b> Navigation bar</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3" data-path="shiny.html"><a href="shiny.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3</b> Shiny</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.1" data-path="shiny.html"><a href="shiny.html#getting-started"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.1</b> Getting started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.2" data-path="shiny.html"><a href="shiny.html#a-shiny-dashboard-example"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.2</b> A Shiny dashboard example</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.3" data-path="shiny.html"><a href="shiny.html#input-sidebar"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.3</b> Input sidebar</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.4" data-path="shiny.html"><a href="shiny.html#learning-more"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.4</b> Learning more</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="tufte-handouts.html"><a href="tufte-handouts.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> Tufte Handouts</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="tufte-headings.html"><a href="tufte-headings.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> Headings</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="tufte-figures.html"><a href="tufte-figures.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> Figures</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.1" data-path="tufte-figures.html"><a href="tufte-figures.html#margin-figures"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.1</b> Margin figures</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.2" data-path="tufte-figures.html"><a href="tufte-figures.html#arbitrary-margin-content"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.2</b> Arbitrary margin content</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.3" data-path="tufte-figures.html"><a href="tufte-figures.html#full-width-figures"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.3</b> Full-width figures</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.4" data-path="tufte-figures.html"><a href="tufte-figures.html#main-column-figures"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.4</b> Main column figures</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3" data-path="tufte-sidenotes.html"><a href="tufte-sidenotes.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3</b> Sidenotes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4" data-path="tufte-references.html"><a href="tufte-references.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4</b> References</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.5" data-path="tufte-tables.html"><a href="tufte-tables.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.5</b> Tables</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.6" data-path="tufte-quotes.html"><a href="tufte-quotes.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.6</b> Block quotes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.7" data-path="tufte-responsiveness.html"><a href="tufte-responsiveness.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.7</b> Responsiveness</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.8" data-path="tufte-sans.html"><a href="tufte-sans.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.8</b> Sans-serif fonts and epigraphs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.9" data-path="tufte-css.html"><a href="tufte-css.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.9</b> Customize CSS styles</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="xaringan.html"><a href="xaringan.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> xaringan Presentations</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1" data-path="xaringan-start.html"><a href="xaringan-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1</b> Get started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2" data-path="xaringan-key.html"><a href="xaringan-key.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2</b> Keyboard shortcuts</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3</b> Slide formatting</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.1" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html#slides-and-properties"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.1</b> Slides and properties</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.2" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html#the-title-slide"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.2</b> The title slide</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.3" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html#content-classes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.3</b> Content classes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.4" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html#incremental-slides"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.4</b> Incremental slides</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.5" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html#xaringan-notes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.5</b> Presenter notes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.6" data-path="xaringan-format.html"><a href="xaringan-format.html#yolo-true"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.6</b> yolo: true</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4" data-path="xaringan-preview.html"><a href="xaringan-preview.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4</b> Build and preview slides</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.5" data-path="css-and-themes.html"><a href="css-and-themes.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.5</b> CSS and themes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6</b> Some tips</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.1" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html#autoplay-slides"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.1</b> Autoplay slides</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.2" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html#countdown-timer"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.2</b> Countdown timer</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.3" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html#highlight-code-lines"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.3</b> Highlight code lines</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.4" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html#working-offline"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.4</b> Working offline</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.5" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html#macros"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.5</b> Macros</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.6" data-path="some-tips.html"><a href="some-tips.html#disadvantages"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.6</b> Disadvantages</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="revealjs.html"><a href="revealjs.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> reveal.js Presentations</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1" data-path="display-modes-2.html"><a href="display-modes-2.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1</b> Display modes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2" data-path="appearance-and-style-1.html"><a href="appearance-and-style-1.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2</b> Appearance and style</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.1" data-path="appearance-and-style-1.html"><a href="appearance-and-style-1.html#smaller-text"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.1</b> Smaller text</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3" data-path="slide-transitions.html"><a href="slide-transitions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3</b> Slide transitions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4" data-path="slide-backgrounds.html"><a href="slide-backgrounds.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4</b> Slide backgrounds</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5" data-path="d-presentations.html"><a href="d-presentations.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5</b> 2-D presentations</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6" data-path="custom-css-1.html"><a href="custom-css-1.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6</b> Custom CSS</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6.1" data-path="custom-css-1.html"><a href="custom-css-1.html#slide-ids-and-classes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6.1</b> Slide IDs and classes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6.2" data-path="custom-css-1.html"><a href="custom-css-1.html#styling-text-spans"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6.2</b> Styling text spans</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7" data-path="reveal-js-options.html"><a href="reveal-js-options.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7</b> reveal.js options</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.8" data-path="reveal-js-plugins.html"><a href="reveal-js-plugins.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.8</b> reveal.js plugins</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.9" data-path="other-features-9.html"><a href="other-features-9.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.9</b> Other features</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="community.html"><a href="community.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> Community Formats</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1" data-path="prettydoc.html"><a href="prettydoc.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1</b> Lightweight Pretty HTML Documents</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.1" data-path="prettydoc.html"><a href="prettydoc.html#prettydoc-usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.1</b> Usage</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.2" data-path="prettydoc.html"><a href="prettydoc.html#prettydoc-vignettes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.2</b> Package vignettes</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2" data-path="rmdformats.html"><a href="rmdformats.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2</b> The rmdformats package</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3" data-path="shower-presentations.html"><a href="shower-presentations.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3</b> Shower presentations</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="websites.html"><a href="websites.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> Websites</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1" data-path="blogdown-start.html"><a href="blogdown-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1</b> Get started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2" data-path="blogdown-directory.html"><a href="blogdown-directory.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2</b> The directory structure</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3" data-path="blogdown-deploy.html"><a href="blogdown-deploy.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3</b> Deployment</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.4" data-path="blogdown-other.html"><a href="blogdown-other.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.4</b> Other site generators</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5</b> rmarkdown’s site generator</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.1" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#a-simple-example"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.1</b> A simple example</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.2" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#site-authoring"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.2</b> Site authoring</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.3" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#common-elements"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.3</b> Common elements</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.4" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#site-navigation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.4</b> Site navigation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.5" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#html-generation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.5</b> HTML generation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.6" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#site-configuration"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.6</b> Site configuration</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.7" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#publishing-websites"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.7</b> Publishing websites</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.8" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#additional-examples"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.8</b> Additional examples</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5.9" data-path="rmarkdown-site.html"><a href="rmarkdown-site.html#custom-site-generators"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5.9</b> Custom site generators</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="pkgdown.html"><a href="pkgdown.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> HTML Documentation for R Packages</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.1" data-path="pkgdown-start.html"><a href="pkgdown-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.1</b> Get started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2" data-path="pkgdown-components.html"><a href="pkgdown-components.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2</b> Components</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2.1" data-path="pkgdown-components.html"><a href="pkgdown-components.html#home-page"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2.1</b> Home page</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2.2" data-path="pkgdown-components.html"><a href="pkgdown-components.html#function-reference"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2.2</b> Function reference</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2.3" data-path="pkgdown-components.html"><a href="pkgdown-components.html#articles"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2.3</b> Articles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2.4" data-path="pkgdown-components.html"><a href="pkgdown-components.html#news"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2.4</b> News</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2.5" data-path="pkgdown-components.html"><a href="pkgdown-components.html#navigation-bar-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2.5</b> Navigation bar</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="books.html"><a href="books.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> Books</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.1" data-path="bookdown-start.html"><a href="bookdown-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.1</b> Get started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2" data-path="bookdown-project.html"><a href="bookdown-project.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2</b> Project structure</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.1" data-path="bookdown-project.html"><a href="bookdown-project.html#index-file"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.1</b> Index file</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.2" data-path="bookdown-project.html"><a href="bookdown-project.html#rmd-files"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.2</b> Rmd files</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.3" data-path="bookdown-project.html"><a href="bookdown-project.html#bookdown.yml"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.3</b> <code>_bookdown.yml</code></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.4" data-path="bookdown-project.html"><a href="bookdown-project.html#output.yml"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.4</b> <code>_output.yml</code></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3" data-path="bookdown-markdown.html"><a href="bookdown-markdown.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3</b> Markdown extensions</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.1" data-path="bookdown-markdown.html"><a href="bookdown-markdown.html#equations"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.1</b> Number and reference equations</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.2" data-path="bookdown-markdown.html"><a href="bookdown-markdown.html#theorems"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.2</b> Theorems and proofs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.3" data-path="bookdown-markdown.html"><a href="bookdown-markdown.html#special-headers"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.3</b> Special headers</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.4" data-path="bookdown-markdown.html"><a href="bookdown-markdown.html#text-references"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.4</b> Text references</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.5" data-path="bookdown-markdown.html"><a href="bookdown-markdown.html#cross-referencing"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.5</b> Cross referencing</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4" data-path="bookdown-output.html"><a href="bookdown-output.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4</b> Output Formats</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4.1" data-path="bookdown-output.html"><a href="bookdown-output.html#html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4.1</b> HTML</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4.2" data-path="bookdown-output.html"><a href="bookdown-output.html#latexpdf"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4.2</b> LaTeX/PDF</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4.3" data-path="bookdown-output.html"><a href="bookdown-output.html#e-books"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4.3</b> E-books</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4.4" data-path="bookdown-output.html"><a href="bookdown-output.html#a-single-document"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4.4</b> A single document</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5" data-path="bookdown-edit.html"><a href="bookdown-edit.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5</b> Editing</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5.1" data-path="bookdown-edit.html"><a href="bookdown-edit.html#build-the-book"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5.1</b> Build the book</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5.2" data-path="bookdown-edit.html"><a href="bookdown-edit.html#preview-a-chapter"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5.2</b> Preview a chapter</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5.3" data-path="bookdown-edit.html"><a href="bookdown-edit.html#serve-the-book"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5.3</b> Serve the book</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5.4" data-path="bookdown-edit.html"><a href="bookdown-edit.html#rstudio-addins"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5.4</b> RStudio addins</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.6" data-path="bookdown-publish.html"><a href="bookdown-publish.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.6</b> Publishing</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.6.1" data-path="bookdown-publish.html"><a href="bookdown-publish.html#rstudio-connect"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.6.1</b> RStudio Connect</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.6.2" data-path="bookdown-publish.html"><a href="bookdown-publish.html#other-services"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.6.2</b> Other services</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.6.3" data-path="bookdown-publish.html"><a href="bookdown-publish.html#publishers"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.6.3</b> Publishers</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13" data-path="journals.html"><a href="journals.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13</b> Journals</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.1" data-path="rticles-start.html"><a href="rticles-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.1</b> Get started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.2" data-path="rticles-templates.html"><a href="rticles-templates.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.2</b> rticles templates</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.3" data-path="rticles-usage.html"><a href="rticles-usage.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.3</b> Using a template</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.4" data-path="rticles-latex.html"><a href="rticles-latex.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.4</b> LaTeX content</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.5" data-path="rticles-bookdown.html"><a href="rticles-bookdown.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.5</b> Linking with bookdown</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.6" data-path="rticles-contrib.html"><a href="rticles-contrib.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.6</b> Contributing templates</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14" data-path="learnr.html"><a href="learnr.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14</b> Interactive Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.1" data-path="learnr-start.html"><a href="learnr-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.1</b> Get started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.2" data-path="learnr-types.html"><a href="learnr-types.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.2</b> Tutorial types</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.3" data-path="learnr-exercises.html"><a href="learnr-exercises.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.3</b> Exercises</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.3.1" data-path="learnr-exercises.html"><a href="learnr-exercises.html#solutions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.3.1</b> Solutions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.3.2" data-path="learnr-exercises.html"><a href="learnr-exercises.html#hints"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.3.2</b> Hints</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.4" data-path="learnr-quiz.html"><a href="learnr-quiz.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.4</b> Quiz questions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.5" data-path="learnr-videos.html"><a href="learnr-videos.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.5</b> Videos</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.6" data-path="learnr-shiny.html"><a href="learnr-shiny.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.6</b> Shiny components</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.7" data-path="learnr-nav.html"><a href="learnr-nav.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.7</b> Navigation and progress tracking</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>IV Other Topics</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15" data-path="parameterized-reports.html"><a href="parameterized-reports.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15</b> Parameterized reports</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.1" data-path="params-declare.html"><a href="params-declare.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.1</b> Declaring parameters</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.2" data-path="params-use.html"><a href="params-use.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.2</b> Using parameters</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.3" data-path="params-knit.html"><a href="params-knit.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.3</b> Knitting with parameters</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.3.1" data-path="params-knit.html"><a href="params-knit.html#the-knit-button"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.3.1</b> The <code>Knit</code> button</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.3.2" data-path="params-knit.html"><a href="params-knit.html#knit-with-custom-parameters"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.3.2</b> Knit with custom parameters</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.3.3" data-path="params-knit.html"><a href="params-knit.html#the-interactive-user-interface"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.3.3</b> The interactive user interface</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.4" data-path="params-publish.html"><a href="params-publish.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.4</b> Publishing</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16" data-path="html-widgets.html"><a href="html-widgets.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16</b> HTML Widgets</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.1" data-path="htmlwidgets-overview.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-overview.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.1</b> Overview</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.2" data-path="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.2</b> A widget example (sigma.js)</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.2.1" data-path="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-sigma.html#file-layout"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.2.1</b> File layout</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.2.2" data-path="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-sigma.html#dependencies"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.2.2</b> Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.2.3" data-path="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-sigma.html#r-binding"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.2.3</b> R binding</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.2.4" data-path="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-sigma.html#javascript-binding"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.2.4</b> JavaScript binding</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.2.5" data-path="htmlwidgets-sigma.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-sigma.html#demo"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.2.5</b> Demo</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.3" data-path="htmlwidgets-create.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-create.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.3</b> Creating your own widgets</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.3.1" data-path="htmlwidgets-create.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-create.html#requirements"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.3.1</b> Requirements</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.3.2" data-path="htmlwidgets-create.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-create.html#scaffolding"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.3.2</b> Scaffolding</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.3.3" data-path="htmlwidgets-create.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-create.html#other-packages"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.3.3</b> Other packages</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.4" data-path="htmlwidgets-size.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-size.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.4</b> Widget sizing</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.4.1" data-path="htmlwidgets-size.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-size.html#specifying-a-sizing-policy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.4.1</b> Specifying a sizing policy</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.4.2" data-path="htmlwidgets-size.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-size.html#javascript-resize-method"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.4.2</b> JavaScript resize method</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.5" data-path="htmlwidgets-advanced.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-advanced.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.5</b> Advanced topics</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.5.1" data-path="htmlwidgets-advanced.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-advanced.html#data-transformation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.5.1</b> Data transformation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.5.2" data-path="htmlwidgets-advanced.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-advanced.html#passing-javascript-functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.5.2</b> Passing JavaScript functions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.5.3" data-path="htmlwidgets-advanced.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-advanced.html#custom-widget-html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.5.3</b> Custom widget HTML</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="16.5.4" data-path="htmlwidgets-advanced.html"><a href="htmlwidgets-advanced.html#create-a-widget-without-an-r-package"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16.5.4</b> Create a widget without an R package</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="17" data-path="document-templates.html"><a href="document-templates.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>17</b> Document Templates</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="17.1" data-path="template-structure.html"><a href="template-structure.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>17.1</b> Template structure</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="17.2" data-path="template-support.html"><a href="template-support.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>17.2</b> Supporting files</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="17.3" data-path="template-pandoc.html"><a href="template-pandoc.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>17.3</b> Custom Pandoc templates</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="17.4" data-path="template-share.html"><a href="template-share.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>17.4</b> Sharing your templates</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="18" data-path="new-formats.html"><a href="new-formats.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>18</b> Creating New Formats</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="18.1" data-path="format-derive.html"><a href="format-derive.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>18.1</b> Deriving from built-in formats</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="18.2" data-path="format-custom.html"><a href="format-custom.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>18.2</b> Fully custom formats</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="18.3" data-path="format-use.html"><a href="format-use.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>18.3</b> Using a new format</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19" data-path="shiny-documents.html"><a href="shiny-documents.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19</b> Shiny Documents</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.1" data-path="shiny-start.html"><a href="shiny-start.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.1</b> Getting started</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.2" data-path="shiny-deploy.html"><a href="shiny-deploy.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.2</b> Deployment</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.2.1" data-path="shiny-deploy.html"><a href="shiny-deploy.html#shinyapps.io"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.2.1</b> ShinyApps.io</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.2.2" data-path="shiny-deploy.html"><a href="shiny-deploy.html#shiny-server-rstudio-connect"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.2.2</b> Shiny Server / RStudio Connect</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="19.3" data-path="shiny-embedded.html"><a href="shiny-embedded.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.3</b> Embedded Shiny apps</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.3.1" data-path="shiny-embedded.html"><a href="shiny-embedded.html#shiny-embed-inline"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.3.1</b> Inline applications</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.3.2" data-path="shiny-embedded.html"><a href="shiny-embedded.html#external-applications"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.3.2</b> External applications</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.4" data-path="shiny-widgets.html"><a href="shiny-widgets.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.4</b> Shiny widgets</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.4.1" data-path="shiny-widgets.html"><a href="shiny-widgets.html#the-shinyapp-function"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.4.1</b> The <code>shinyApp()</code> function</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.4.2" data-path="shiny-widgets.html"><a href="shiny-widgets.html#example-k-means-clustering"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.4.2</b> Example: k-Means clustering</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.4.3" data-path="shiny-widgets.html"><a href="shiny-widgets.html#widget-size-and-layout"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.4.3</b> Widget size and layout</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="19.5" data-path="shiny-multiple.html"><a href="shiny-multiple.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.5</b> Multiple pages</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.6" data-path="shiny-delay.html"><a href="shiny-delay.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.6</b> Delayed rendering</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.7" data-path="shiny-args.html"><a href="shiny-args.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.7</b> Output arguments for render functions</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="19.7.1" data-path="shiny-args.html"><a href="shiny-args.html#a-caveat"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>19.7.1</b> A caveat</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="references.html"><a href="references.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>References</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://bookdown.org" target="_blank">Published with bookdown</a></li>

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            <section class="normal" id="section-">
<div id="basics-examples" class="section level2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Example applications</h2>
<p>Now you have learned the very basic concepts of R Markdown. The idea should be simple enough: interweave narratives with code in a document, knit the document to dynamically generate results from the code, and you will get a report. This idea was not invented by R Markdown, but came from an early programming paradigm called “Literate Programming” <span class="citation">(Knuth <a href="#ref-knuth1984">1984</a>)</span>.</p>
<p>Due to the simplicity of Markdown and the powerful R language for data analysis, R Markdown has been widely used in many areas. Before we dive into the technical details, we want to show some examples to give you an idea of its possible applications.</p>
<div id="airbnbs-knowledge-repository" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.1</span> Airbnb’s knowledge repository</h3>
<p>Airbnb uses R Markdown to document all their analyses in R, so they can combine code and data visualizations in a single report <span class="citation">(Bion, Chang, and Goodman <a href="#ref-bion2018">2018</a>)</span>. Eventually all reports are carefully peer-reviewed and published to a company knowledge repository, so that anyone in the company can easily find analyses relevant to their team. Data scientists are also able to learn as much as they want from previous work or reuse the code written by previous authors, because the full R Markdown source is available in the repository.</p>
</div>
<div id="homework-assignments-on-rpubs" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.2</span> Homework assignments on RPubs</h3>
<p>A huge number of homework assignments have been published to the website <a href="https://RPubs.com" class="uri">https://RPubs.com</a> (a free publishing platform provided by RStudio), which shows that R Markdown is easy and convenient enough for students to do their homework assignments (see Figure <a href="basics-examples.html#fig:rpubs">2.3</a>). When I was still a student, I did most of my homework assignments using Sweave, which was a much earlier implementation of literate programming based on the S language (later R) and LaTeX. I was aware of the importance of reproducible research but did not enjoy LaTeX, and few of my classmates wanted to use Sweave. Right after I graduated, R Markdown was born, and it has been great to see so many students do their homework in the reproducible manner.</p>
<div class="figure"><span id="fig:rpubs"></span>
<img src="images/rpubs.png" alt="A screenshot of RPubs.com that contains some homework assginments submitted by students." width="100%" />
<p class="caption">
图 2.3: A screenshot of RPubs.com that contains some homework assginments submitted by students.
</p>
</div>
<p>In a 2016 JSM (Joint Statistical Meetings) talk, I proposed that course instructors could sometimes intentionally insert some wrong values in the source data before providing it to the students for them to analyze the data in the homework, then correct these values the next time, and ask them to do the analysis again. This way, students should be able to realize the problems with the traditional cut-and-paste approach for data analysis (i.e., run the analysis separately and copy the results manually), and the advantage of using R Markdown to automatically generate the report.</p>
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<div id="personalized-mail" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.3</span> Personalized mail</h3>
<p>One thing you should remember about R Markdown is that you can programmatically generate reports, although most of the time you may be just clicking the <code>Knit</code> button in RStudio to generate a single report from a single source document. Being able to program reports is a super power of R Markdown.</p>
<p>Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel once wanted to create personalized handouts for her workshop participants. She used a template R Markdown file, and knitted it in a for-loop to generate 20 PDF files for the 20 participants. Each PDF contained both personalized information and common information. You may read the article <a href="https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/articles_mail_merge.html" class="uri">https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/articles_mail_merge.html</a> for the technical details.</p>
</div>
<div id="employer-health-benefits-survey" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.4</span> 2017 Employer Health Benefits Survey</h3>
<p>The <a href="https://www.kff.org/health-costs/report/2017-employer-health-benefits-survey/">2017 Employer Health Benefits Survey</a> was designed and analyzed by the Kaiser Family Foundation, NORC at the University of Chicago, and Health Research &amp; Educational Trust. The full PDF report was written in R Markdown (with the <strong>bookdown</strong> package). It has a unique appearance, which was made possible by heavy customizations in the LaTeX template. This example shows you that if you really care about typesetting, you are free to apply your knowledge about LaTeX to create highly sophisticated reports from R Markdown.</p>
</div>
<div id="examples-journal" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.5</span> Journal articles</h3>
<p>Chris Hartgerink explained how and why he used R Markdown to write dynamic research documents in the post at <a href="https://elifesciences.org/labs/cad57bcf/composing-reproducible-manuscripts-using-r-markdown" class="uri">https://elifesciences.org/labs/cad57bcf/composing-reproducible-manuscripts-using-r-markdown</a>. He published a paper titled “Too Good to be False: Nonsignificant Results Revisited” with two co-authors <span class="citation">(Hartgerink, Wicherts, and Assen <a href="#ref-hartgerink2017">2017</a>)</span>. The manuscript was written in R Markdown, and results were dynamically generated from the code in R Markdown.</p>
<p>When checking the accuracy of P-values in the psychology literature, his colleagues and he found that P-values could be mistyped or miscalculated, which could lead to inaccurate or even wrong conclusions. If the P-values were dynamically generated and inserted instead of being manually copied from statistical programs, the chance for those problems to exist would be much lower.</p>
<p><span class="citation">Lowndes et al. (<a href="#ref-lowndes2017">2017</a>)</span> also shows that using R Markdown (and version control) not only enhances reproducibility, but also produces better scientific research in less time.</p>
</div>
<div id="dashboards-at-eelloo" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.6</span> Dashboards at eelloo</h3>
<p>R Markdown is used at eelloo (<a href="https://eelloo.nl" class="uri">https://eelloo.nl</a>) to design and generate research reports. Here is one of their examples (in Dutch): <a href="https://eelloo.nl/groepsrapportages-met-infographics/" class="uri">https://eelloo.nl/groepsrapportages-met-infographics/</a>, where you can find gauges, bar charts, pie charts, wordclouds, and other types of graphs dynamically generated and embedded in dashboards.</p>
</div>
<div id="examples-books" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.7</span> Books</h3>
<p>We will introduce the R Markdown extension <strong>bookdown</strong> in Chapter <a href="books.html#books">12</a>. It is an R package that allows you to write books and long-form reports with multiple Rmd files. After this package was published, a large number of books have emerged. You can find a subset of them at <a href="https://bookdown.org" class="uri">https://bookdown.org</a>. Some of these books have been printed, and some only have free online versions.</p>
<p>There have also been students who wrote their dissertations/theses with <strong>bookdown</strong>, such as Ed Berry: <a href="https://eddjberry.netlify.com/post/writing-your-thesis-with-bookdown/" class="uri">https://eddjberry.netlify.com/post/writing-your-thesis-with-bookdown/</a>. Chester Ismay has even provided an R package <strong>thesisdown</strong> (<a href="https://github.com/ismayc/thesisdown" class="uri">https://github.com/ismayc/thesisdown</a>)  that can render a thesis in various formats. Several other people have customized this package for their own institutions, such as Zhian N. Kamvar’s <strong>beaverdown</strong> (<a href="https://github.com/zkamvar/beaverdown" class="uri">https://github.com/zkamvar/beaverdown</a>) and Ben Marwick’s <strong>huskydown</strong> (<a href="https://github.com/benmarwick/huskydown" class="uri">https://github.com/benmarwick/huskydown</a>).</p>
</div>
<div id="examples-websites" class="section level3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.8</span> Websites</h3>
<p>The <strong>blogdown</strong> package to be introduced in Chapter <a href="websites.html#websites">10</a> can be used to build general-purpose websites (including blogs and personal websites) based on R Markdown. You may find tons of examples at <a href="https://github.com/rbind" class="uri">https://github.com/rbind</a> or by searching on Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=blogdown" class="uri">https://twitter.com/search?q=blogdown</a>. Here are a few impressive websites that I can quickly think of off the top of my head:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Rob J Hyndman’s personal website: <a href="https://robjhyndman.com" class="uri">https://robjhyndman.com</a> (a very comprehensive academic website).</p></li>
<li><p>Amber Thomas’s personal website: <a href="https://amber.rbind.io" class="uri">https://amber.rbind.io</a> (a rich project portfolio).</p></li>
<li><p>Emi Tanaka’s personal website: <a href="https://emitanaka.github.io" class="uri">https://emitanaka.github.io</a> (in particular, check out the beautiful showcase page).</p></li>
<li><p>“Live Free or Dichotomize” by Nick Strayer and Lucy D’Agostino McGowan: <a href="http://livefreeordichotomize.com" class="uri">http://livefreeordichotomize.com</a> (the layout is elegant, and the posts are useful and practical).</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h3>References</h3>
<div id="refs" class="references">
<div id="ref-bion2018">
<p>Bion, Ricardo, Robert Chang, and Jason Goodman. 2018. “How R Helps Airbnb Make the Most of Its Data.” <em>The American Statistician</em> 72 (1). Taylor &amp; Francis: 46–52. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2017.1392362">https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2017.1392362</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-hartgerink2017">
<p>Hartgerink, Chris HJ, Jelte M Wicherts, and Marcel ALM van Assen. 2017. “Too Good to Be False: Nonsignificant Results Revisited.” <em>Collabra: Psychology</em> 3 (1). The Regents of the University of California.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-knuth1984">
<p>Knuth, Donald E. 1984. “Literate Programming.” <em>The Computer Journal</em> 27 (2). British Computer Society: 97–111.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-lowndes2017">
<p>Lowndes, Julia S Stewart, Benjamin D Best, Courtney Scarborough, Jamie C Afflerbach, Melanie R Frazier, Casey C O’Hara, Ning Jiang, and Benjamin S Halpern. 2017. “Our Path to Better Science in Less Time Using Open Data Science Tools.” <em>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution</em> 1 (6). Nature Publishing Group.</p>
</div>
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